Nutritional and Metabolic Trajectories up to 10 Years After Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: A Tertiary-Centre Retrospective Longitudinal Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is the most effective durable treatment for severe obesity but predisposes to micronutrient deficiency. Long-term, broad-panel biochemical data are scarce. We examined nutritional and metabolic trajectories over up to 10 years and compared sleeve gastrectomy (SG) with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods

Retrospective single-centre cohort undergoing MBS (NHS Lothian, 2011–2025). Twenty-five biochemical markers were captured at baseline, 6 months, 1, 5 and 10 years, and analysed using linear mixed-effects models adjusted for procedure, sex, age, baseline BMI, diabetes and deprivation, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction.