Exploratory Biopsychosocial Profiles in Adults with Chronic Low Back Pain: A Cluster Analysis of Clinical, Psychological, Sleep, and Physical Characteristics

Background and Objectives: Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a heterogeneous condition shaped by interacting clinical, psychological, sleep-related, physical, and contextual factors. This study aimed to identify exploratory biopsychosocial profiles in adults with CLBP and to examine whether sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics differed across the identified profiles.