Pectus Excavatum in an Adolescent Swimmer: Integrating Thoracic Morphology and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing

Background and Objectives: Pectus excavatum (PE) alters thoracic geometry and may affect cardiac filling and respiratory mechanics. However, anatomical severity does not necessarily lead to functional limitations. This case study examined the integrated physiological response from rest to maximal exercise and recovery in an asymptomatic, competitive adolescent swimmer with PE.