Continuous Non-Invasive Haemodynamic Monitoring During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Background/Objectives: Haemodynamic assessment during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is mostly restricted to continuous monitoring of arterial blood pressure. The volume-clamp method provides continuous non-invasive arterial pressure monitoring without the need for vascular access, together with simultaneous estimation of stroke volume, cardiac output and other haemodynamic variables, but its feasibility during primary PCI has not been evaluated.