Artificial Intelligence Approaches for Gastrointestinal Bleeding Detection in Capsule Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Critical Analysis

Background/Objectives: Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a common, potentially life-threatening condition, and capsule endoscopy (CE) is the principal investigation for suspected small-bowel bleeding after non-diagnostic upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. Because manual review of thousands of CE frames is labor-intensive, artificial intelligence (AI) has been proposed to automate bleeding detection.

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