Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Maternal and Fetal Monitoring Devices in Pregnancy: A Global Scoping Review and Evidence Mapping

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly used in obstetric ultrasound, cardiotocography, wearable fetal electrocardiography, and remote maternal-fetal monitoring. Evidence on real-world implementation, including feasibility, acceptability, workflow, task sharing, sustainability, equity, cost, and user experience, remains limited. This review aimed to map global real-world implementation evidence for AI-enabled obstetric monitoring and identify outcomes, determinants, gaps, and research priorities for scale-up.