Nonoptimal Virological Response Among Adults Living With HIV After Initiation of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy at a Tertiary Hospital in Oman: A Retrospective Cohort Study, 1992-2024

Background

Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has transformed HIV infection from a life-threatening condition into a manageable chronic disease by reducing viral replication, preserving immune function, and lowering HIV-related morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, achieving and maintaining viral suppression remains an important challenge. Evidence regarding factors associated with nonoptimal virological response among people living with HIV in Oman remains limited.